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读书郎
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 董桥:邓永锵替英文消毒

前天,《苹果》论坛版上刊登邓永锵写的〈ILovePlainEnglish〉。浅白的字,短短的句子,思路简明,恰当处冒出一个人、一件事,都驯熟,都典雅。英文写到这样的境界,怪不得他敢说他喜爱清浅的英文,还希望人人说英语写英文都追求清浅。我向来担心plain的语文求之不易:是素净,是纯朴,是明亮,是平实,是一弯浅浅的小溪,清澈见底,漪澜如画,蕴藏的却是多少岁月的造化!

中文英文都一样,初初涉足,谁也经不起求深求古求奇的诱惑;日子久了,天份高的终于悟出Paul Johnson说的 "the word 'meaningful' when used today is nearly always meaningless" ;天份低的听到的始终是Spike Milligan听到的惨叫声:"Listen, someone's screaming in agony - fortunately I speak it fluently"!摸不清语文分寸的人很难摸得清语文深浅的趣味。邱吉尔说人人都是虫,幸亏有些是萤火虫。

邓永锵中学到英国学校去住读,剑桥念法律,伦大念哲学,是个博读的educatedman。他这样的行家倡言英文要清浅,要简明,教英文、学英文、用英文的人恐怕不可不深思了。他笔下那位英国法官Lord Denning也是个"very educated man",写起判词来句子永远是短的:" "So don't be shy about writing short sentences",邓永锵说。听说他在北京受过教育,在北京大学教过英文,内地有些英文地道的北大人说不定上过他的课。

邓先生说学校是教不好英文的。他对全套语文教学方法当然也绉眉头,恨不得找编字典的Samuel Johnson来当教育部长。他说约翰逊博士起码不说"you smell"而说"I smell,you stink"!我猜想邓永锵抱怨的是学校老师教的英文太学究,太bookish,框死了活活的语文:"You cannot learn English by learning from or reading the dictionary"。我在台湾读书的年代,天天早上好多同学在操场上背字典。那时候,教英文的老师教得非常吃力,学生学得也很不自在:"An Englishman thinks he is moral when he is only uncomfortable"!苦读英文都苦成了萧伯纳揶揄的高尚情操:学以载道,注定多病。

老实说,要写邓永锵那样漂亮的plain English,多读闲书比硬啃大书管用。我好几年前写过〈邓永锵的萤火虫〉写的是他的闲读偶拾。那年,英国杂志〈The Week〉请他选几本好书写一写,他写了几个他喜欢的小说人物,说P.G.Wodehouse笔下的Bertie Wooster境遇佳、人面广、心肠好("well-off,well-connected,well-meaning");说〈Vanity Fair〉的Becky Sharp死要面子,坏得可爱("pretentious to the last, yet wickedly loveable");说Ian Fleming的James Bond艺高胆大,潇洒典雅,惹人忌("His daring feats and dapper manner make us exceedingly jealous")。

顺手拈来的评语句句点睛,没淋过几年英国的冷雨撑不起这个排场。到了这篇〈I love Plain English〉,邓永锵忍不住板脸示范一下他替文字消毒的本事,我只好拿来当mildly medicated hand soap 洗手,图的是笔下从此少些惨叫声。
這是淚花晶瑩的世界,然而是美麗的
Posted: 2004-08-17 22:57 | [楼 主]
读书郎
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I Love Plain English


I love plain English. The whole point of language is to communicate. So what better way than to do so plainly? Tung Chee--hwa does not speak plainly; the Civil Service does not speak plainly; a lot of people do not speak plainly. Yet, few of us protest enough. I like to start a campaign in Hong Kong to speak plainly--at least in English. We need to do this desperately because the standard of English here is poor. Trying to speak plainly will help improve our English. Do not let people tell you that simple English is not good English. It's the best English. Do not believe that formal English is better than informal English. Or that there is a "business" English. Or that conversation English should not be written. English is English. If there is any rule, it is that plain English is best.
In speech, avoid using "I mean", "I mean to say", "actually", "you know", "well". Practise by writing short sentences--like what I am doing now. There was a very famous English judge called Lord Denning. He was my hero when I was at Law College. He was also a hero to a lot of people because he understood the need to communicate plainly. He cut through all the complicated legal language to defend individual rights. He appreciated justice, rather than the law, more than anyone else. I wished he was our Justice Minister. If you read his judgements, you will find that he only wrote in short sentences. And he was a very educated man. So don't be shy about writing short sentences.
Also, when asked a question, answer it plainly. If someone asks you "Where are you?", you must reply by saying, "I am at ......." But very often, we say in answer, "We are coming" or "We are on our way". This cannot be an answer to the question "Where are you?". This must be the most unanswered question in the world--and it is because we do not pay attention to plain English. Do not use big words. Being fluent in English is not about vocabulary. It's about use. You cannot learn English by learning from or reading the dictionary. You have to learn how to use the words together. And choose the correct word. Never, for example, say to someone: "You smell". As Dr Johnson, who wrote a dictionary, said, "I smell, you stink". I wished he was our Education Minister. And remember accents do not matter. Having a Chinese accent should not be embarrassing. Often it is nice to have an accent. Much more important is to speak in plain words.
I speak English quite well. I promise you that if you begin to speak in plain English, you will improve your English. Everyone in Hong Kong wants to learn English--nothing wrong with that. But the teaching of English in Hong Kong is all wrong. It must be wrong because even the chancellors of Hong Kong universities tell me that their undergraduates' command of English is bad. They often do not understand lectures in English. That can only mean we have not taught our students properly. When I was at La Salle, I scored zero in English. I did not learn the language properly. I was not taught the language well. When I went to England, I could not speak a word of it. So do not expect your children to be taught well at school.
The situation is made worse because with l997, we are all told to learn Mandarin. (Please note that the word "Putonghua" is not English. Neither is it Chinese. It is a word in an artificial language. So in English, we should avoid it. It is pretentious to use it.) I don't really understand why we are now asked to speak three languages in Hong Kong. If we value our independence, we should try to improve our Cantonese. (If nothing else, we need it for rhyming in many Tang Dynasty poems.) Mainlanders cannot then understand us. That would always be an advantage for us. If we are not careful, we could end up like Singapore--nobody speaking any one language properly. I call it Tiger Balm. Tiger Balm is reasonably good for a lot of things, but not good at any one thing. We don't want Tiger Balm in Hong Kong. Our humourless Government has already got rid of the Tiger Balm Garden, which should have stayed. It would have reminded us how ugly Tiger Balm is.
So let's all start speaking and writing plainly. Shortening all your sentences would be a good start. Try writing in short sentences. This style of writing is known as "staccato". Staccato is the plucking of a string on the violin. As we all know, this can sound as beautiful as when the strings are played with a bow. So if we can be beautiful as well as plain, what more can we want?
這是淚花晶瑩的世界,然而是美麗的
Posted: 2004-08-20 20:08 | 1 楼
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Quote:
下面是引用读书郎于2004-08-17 10:57 PM发表的 董桥:邓永锵替英文消毒:
他笔下那位英国法官Lord Denning也是个"very educated man",写起判词来句子永远是短的:" "So don't be shy about writing short sentences",邓永锵说。
.......

英美法上的判决书为使逻辑关系严明,大量使用从句,环环相套,有时整段话用一个句子写下来,给阅读带来极大的麻烦。我念书时有一次看一篇判例,全班同学都以为是上诉方胜诉,结果其原意竟是被上诉方胜诉。英国著名的丹宁 (Denning) 大法官那样写判词的是极罕见的人物。
Posted: 2004-08-20 20:27 | 2 楼
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